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| Interstate freight in Australia Report 120 | April 2010 |
| This report provides estimates and forecasts of interstate freight moving between 56 state-to-state origin-destination pairs, for example, South Australia-Queensland. |
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| Australian maritime activity to 2029-30 | April 2010 |
| This report presents forecasts of maritime activity in Australian ports to 2029-30. This includes imports and exports of containerised and non-containerised freight, coastal freight movements, temporary arrivals and departures of passengers by sea, and vessel activity. |
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| Rail Freight Performance Indicators 2007-08 - Statistical Report | February 2010 |
This statistical report is the third in this series and is a result of collaboration between the Australasian Railway Association (ARA) and the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and
Regional Economics (BITRE).
The objective of this report is to provide an overview of railway infrastructure standards, interstate track usage and the freight task performed.
This publication has a hard copy price of $30.00. Hard copies will be available soon. |
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| Cost of road crashes in Australia 2006 - Report 118 | February 2010 |
Road crashes impose large human and financial costs on society and substantial investments are made in infrastructure and safety programs to reduce road trauma. The cost of road crashes is important to the safety debate in Australia, and the unit values particularly for a fatality, injury or cost of a fatal crash are key inputs into policy development and cost-benefit analysis for safety programs and infrastructure projects.
This publication will incur a charge of $40.00, which includes postage and handling. |
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| Bass Strait Passenger Vehicle Equalisation Scheme 2007-09 | December 2009 |
| This report presents the results of the Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics' (BITRE) twelfth review of the Bass Strait Passenger Vehicle Equalisation Scheme. This report covers the operation and impact of the Bass Strait Passenger Vehicle Equalisation Scheme for the period 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2009. |
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| Report 116 - A regional economy: a case study of Tasmania | November 2008 |
The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government is committed to the prosperity of Australia's regions. In order to promote economic and social development it is important that we understand the environment in which regional economies operate. This study provides an analytical investigation of the challenges facing regional Australia.
BITRE's study takes a multifaceted and holistic approach. The underlying principle is that economies do not work in isolation and a complex mix of interacting drivers affects a region's economic performance.
Tasmania's economic performance has experienced changing fortunes over the past two decades. This development provided a unique opportunity to investigate the drivers of this change and to find out if there are lessons for regional policy. |
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| Report 115: Air transport services in regional Australia: trends and access | July 2008 |
By amalgamating and optimising existing information, regional aviation data were collated for the first time into comprehensive time series statistics using a geographical approach. The report used the constructed database to showcase analyses on several aspects of the regional aviation industry over time. It provides comprehensive data analyses of regional aviation trends, geospatial analyses on the accessibility of regional air services, projections of future regional aviation trends, and explorations of possible associations between key socio-demographic factors and the level of access to air services in regional communities.
Through the development of a consistent historical database for regional aviation,this study establishes a platform for more future research in regional aviation. The database offers flexibility to conduct various cross sectional or time series analyses; potentially in conjunction with other data sources. |
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| Report 114: Optimising Harmonisation in the Australian Railway Industry | September 2006 |
| The past decade has seen Australian rail transformed in terms of ownership, operational and technical advances. This report reviews the theory and the practice of physical and regulatory harmonisation in Australia and overseas. It also explores the benefits and costs of harmonisation and the concept of optimal harmonisation. |
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| Report 113: Cost of Aviation Accidents and Incidents | March 2006 |
| In 1998, the Bureau of Transport Economics published its Report 98 Cost of Civil Aviation Accidents and Incidents. That report was based on occurrences in 1996 and presented values in 1996 dollars. Report 113 is an update of that analysis based on occurrences in the 2003/04 financial year and using 2004 dollar values. |
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| Report 112: Freight Measurement and Modelling in Australia | March 2006 |
| Consistent time series estimates of freight carriage in Australia must be constructed from disparate data sources. This report aims to construct consistent time series datasets on as many Australian freight sectors as possible. |
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| Report 110: Risk in Cost-Benefit Analysis | April 2005 |
| For cost-benefit analyses (CBA) of public-sector projects, a common misconception is that the discount rate should include a risk premium in consonance with the private-sector practice of doing so. In examining the issue, this report addresses different types of risk separately including downside risk, which arises from optimistic bias in forecasts and pure risk, which is the variation remaining around the mean after removing downside biases. |
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| Report 111: General Aviation: An Industry Overview | April 2005 |
| BTRE previously reported on the general aviation sector in 1996, since when it has experienced significant changes. This report sets out to profile the general aviation industry, describe trends in industry activity, and as far as possible explain these trends. The report is primarily based on survey data from BTRE's annual General Aviation Survey and CASA, as well as industry consultation. |
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| Report 108: Rail Accident Costs in Australia | July 2003 |
| This report is the third in a series covering the socio-economic costs of transport accidents in Australia. Transport accidents impose a significant burden on the Australian community. Not all of their consequences can be expressed in financial terms. However, to weigh up options for minimising and dealing with this burden, it is important to know the costs of transport accidents |
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| Report 106: Benefits of flood mitigation in Australia | May 2002 |
| This is the third publication contributing to the regional theme of natural disaster research identified in the BTRE's research program. This report follows on from Report 103 (Economic Costs of Natural Disasters in Australia), which examined natural disasters with an individual cost of more than $10 million. Report 103 found that floods are Australia's most costly disaster type and, on average, cost the Australian community over $300 million each year. |
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| Report 104: The Black Spot Program 1996-2002: An Evaluation of the First Three Years | July 2001 |
| The Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics (BTCE) Report 90 Evaluation of the Black Spot Program published in 1995 evaluated the program that operated from 1990-91 to 1992-93 inclusive. The study found that the Program delivered benefits of four dollars for each dollar of expenditure. As remaining black spots are treated, periodic evaluation is necessary to assist governments to determine if treatment benefits continue to justify the costs. |
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| Report 103: Economic Costs of Natural Disasters in Australia. | January 2001 |
| Natural disasters affect every State and Territory in Australia. Good information on the costs of natural disasters is required to assess the effectiveness of expenditure on disaster mitigation. This study focuses on national economic costs, using data from the Emergency Management Australia (EMA) database, over the period 1967 to 1999. The project developed a preliminary framework for estimating the economic cost of natural disasters. Key findings were that costs varied substantially across states; and floods, storms and cyclones are the most costly natural disasters in Australia. The report also identifies limitations to the data on natural disasters, such as the difficulty of calculating intangible losses, and suggests areas of future research. |
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| Report 102: Road Crash Costs in Australia | May 2000 |
| This report builds on the methodology of an earlier BTE report titled Cost of Civil Aviation Accidents and Incidents and is the third BTE report on road crash costs. |
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| Report 101: Regional Impact of Ports | March 2000 |
| This report presents the results of a Bureau of Transport Economics project on the regional impact of ports. It includes a general framework for undertaking port impact studies in Australia and a case study that applies the framework to the Port of Fremantle, Western Australia. By measuring both direct and flow-on effects, the case study estimated that the Port of Fremantle was responsible for 0.8% of all employment in Western Australia, with a value added contribution of 0.9% to Western Australia's Gross State Product. |
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| Report 100: Facts and Furphies in Benefit-Cost Analysis: Transport | November 1999 |
| Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is a valuable and widely used tool. To reduce the odds of misuse, this report probes some important methodological issues, especially as they relate to transport projects. The discussion is relatively non-technical and draws on case studies. |
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| Report 99: Adequacy of Tourism Transport Infrastructure in Eastern Indonesia | January 1999 |
| This Report develops further the findings of earlier work by the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics and the Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Communications on transport in northern Australia and eastern Indonesia. It explores the adequacy of tourism and transport infrastructure in eastern Indonesia to a greater depth of detail than was possible in the earlier work. The focus of the report is on international tourism, because of its importance to eastern Indonesia following the onset of the financial crisis. |
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| Report 98: Cost of Civil Aviation Accidents and Incidents | October 1998 |
| This report is one in a series expected to be published from research being undertaken into the costs of transport accidents by the Bureau of Transport Economics. The work reported on here relates to the economic costs of aviation accidents and incidents resulting from the operation of Australian aircraft in Australia for 1996. |
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| Report 97: Transport Synergies Between Eastern Indonesia and Northern Australia | January 1998 |
| This research project was designed to explore the potential for economic synergies between the two regions and the role that transport might play in their development. The project was undertaken in conjunction with the Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Communications. This Report presents the results of the work of the Australian project team, focusing on northern Australian aspects. |
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| Report 95: General Aviation Flying in Australia | July 1996 |
| This report examines the state of General Aviation (GA) flying in Australia. It is primarily based on a Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics survey of GA undertaken in 1994, which provided a snapshot of the industry for financial year 1992-93. Key areas examined include: the composition of the GA flying industry; flying activity; industry conduct; financial structure and performance; and industry views and perceptions. |
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| Report 92: Traffic Congestion and Road User Charges in Australian Capital Cities | March 1996 |
| Urban travel behaviour is very complex. Analysts have tried to capture its main features in models that provide estimates of the levels and patterns of traffic on the urban road network. While the models are correspondingly complex, they are still radical simplifications of real urban systems. Their treatment of some aspects of travel behaviour can only be described as rudimentary. Nevertheless, they represent the state of the art in quantitative urban transport analysis, and they provide a valuable framework for thinking about urban policy issues. |
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| Report 91: Review of the Waterfront Industry Reform Program | May 1995 |
| The Bureau study examines the great changes which have been implemented in the stevedoring workforce and in its employment arrangements, the improvements which have occurred in the productivity and reliability of stevedoring services, and estimates the dollar value of the benefits which have been passed to the various categories of users of waterfront services. |
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| Report 90: Evaluation of the Black Spot Program | May 1995 |
| This study evaluates the economic benefits of the Federal Governmentís Black Spot Program. The study assesses the crash reduction benefits of a variety of road engineering treatments based on a sample of 254 projects drawn from all States and Territories. |
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| Report 88: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Australian Transport: Long Term Projections | March 1995 |
| This Report provides a 'business as usual' scenario for the emission of greenhouse gases from the Australian transport sector for the period 1993-94 to 2014-15. Models for emissions from cars, trucks, rail, sea and air transport reflect sectoral activity, fuel intensity and emission intensity factors. The models indicate that emissions from the Australian car fleet over the next two decades will decline while emissions from trucks and aircraft are likely to grow quite strongly. Background information and historical data series are also provided. |
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| Report 86: International Aviation: Trends and Issues | December 1993 |
| This Report analyses the historical trends and current issues facing the aviation industry and comments on possible future developments in international aviation. The key areas of investigation include: airline economics; international traffic for scheduled and nonscheduled (charter) passenger services and cargo; traffic forecasts; the regulatory regime; airline operating and financial performance and capital structures; and airline growth, especially alliances and the potential for airline globalisation. In addition, appendices on special interest areas covering the creation of the European Community single aviation market, environmental regulation, airframe manufacturers and aircraft leasing are included, as are supporting data for the extensive array of graphics in the Report. |
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| Report 85: Structural Failure of Large Bulk Ships | December 1993 |
| Although it is widely known that the risk of failure is high in old ships, old bulk ships continue to be used. One reason is that until mid 1992 it was financially viable to maintain an old ship in service rather than dispose of it for demolition. Even though after mid 1992 it did not pay to keep an old ship in service, it was even less attractive to purchase a new ship. The BTCE's statistical analysis of voyage data identified ship age, flag state, commodity carried and voyage route as important factors influencing the risk of failure. Using this information, the BTCE has developed a technique for predicting the risk of failure of individual ships. |
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| Report 84: Port Interface Cost Index | September 1993 |
Ports have been a major focus of the Australian Government's reform program. The Waterfront Industry Reform Authority was responsible for reform of the stevedoring industry, completing its work in October 1992. The BTCE has developed a new port interface cost index in response to the 'Warehouse to Wharf' report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Transport, Communications and Infrastructure. It includes port and related charges (port authority, towage and pilotage charges), stevedoring charges, customs brokers' fees and land transport charges. This Paper describes the development of the index and presents initial estimates of costs. Future values
will be published at intervals of six months. |
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| Report 81: The Progress of Aviation Reform | June 1993 |
This Report is the fifth of a series of publications monitoring the progress of aviation reforms which the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics produced from 1989. Earlier reports concentrated on domestic airline deregulation, but clearly the distinction between domestic and
international has now blurred. Accordingly, this report has a broader focus in covering some of the wider aspects of aviation reform and the changes which have occurred so far in the structure, conduct and performance of the Australian aviation industry, as well as examining in depth the net welfare gains from domestic deregulation. |
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| Report 80: Quality of Service in Australian Passenger Aviation | November 1992 |
| Several important aviation reform initiatives have been taken in the past five years. These include the economic deregulation of interstate services, the establishment of the Federal Airports Corporation and the Civil Aviation Authority as statutory authorities, multiple designation of Australia's international air services, the start of negotiations with New Zealand on a single trans-Tasman aviation market, and the merger and privatisation of Qantas and Australian Airlines. |
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| Report 79: Social Cost of Transport Accidents in Australia | July 1992 |
| This study has refined the methodology and expanded the scope of a previous Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics study on the cost of road accidents in Australia. The human capital approach has been used in this study to estimate the social cost of road, rail, aviation and maritime accidents in Australia in 1988. |
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| Report 78: Road Transport Reforms - Implications for Rural and Remote Areas | July 1992 |
Concerns have been expressed that the introduction of a national system of road user charging for heavy vehicles could adversely affect transport operators, consumers and producers in rural and remote areas of Australia. This joint Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics/Australian
Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics project estimates the impacts of changes to road user charges on vehicle operating costs and on selected industries in rural and remote Australia. The analysis indicates a diversity of impacts to be expected from any given change to current road user charges. |
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| Report 76: Relative Efficiencies in the Transportation of Commodities | January 1992 |
| This Report assesses the relative efficiencies of road and rail in the transportation of several bulk commodities. The work explores potential constraints to the efficient transportation of bulk commodities, including the pricing systems applied by road and rail operators. |
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| Report 74: Transport and Regional Economic Development | January 1992 |
This Report describes a case study of capacity of regional transport infrastructure to meet current and future demands of industry. The selected region is comprised largely of the Australian Bureau of Statistics statistical divisions of the South East division of South Australia and the South Western
division of Victoria. The region is an important corridor for the transport needs of other regions. The region's transport infrastructure inlcudes a port, road and rail networks, and airports. |
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| Report 73: Deregulation of Domestic Aviation - The First Year | November 1991 |
| The Commonwealth's regulation of interstate aviation, in place for over thirty years, came to an end at midnight on 30 October 1990. This study reviews the developments in the last few months of regulation and in the first year of deregulation. |
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| Report 72: The Social Impacts of Rail Systems Rationalisation | August 1991 |
| This report assesses the social impacts of a range of scenarios developed for non-urban rail by the Railway Industry Council to set out reform options for railway systems in Australia. Use is made of Australian Bureau of Statistics census data for 1981 and 1986, data from railway systems in Australia and results from a survey of redundant and redeployed railway workers. |
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| Report 70: Major Marine Oil Spills - Risk and Response | August 1991 |
| This study examines the risk associated with major oil spills (over 1000 tonnes) in open water anywhere on the Australian coast. This differs from previous work which has focused on the more numerous, smaller spills associated with ship operations in ports and sheltered waters. The study also examines the logistic constraints on providing rapid response along the whole length of the coast. |
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| Report 68: An Analysis of Total Factor Productivity with an Application to Australian National | January 1991 |
| This Report has two main goals. The first is to present the theoretical aspects of productivity measurement and its interpretation with particular emphasis on its role as a performance measure. The second is to provide, within the context of performance appraisal, an empirical analysis of productivity growth in the Australian National Railways Commission over the period 1979-80 to 1987-88. |
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| Report 65: Redeployment and Redundancy in Australian Railways | November 1989 |
| Initiatives adopted to facilitate structural adjustment of rail systems in Australia have resulted in redeployment and redundancy of rail workers. A survey was conducted by the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics to obtain information on the work experiences of redeployed and redundant rail workers. |
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| Report 63: AN-Westrail Integration: An Assessment of Options | December 1987 |
| The Bureau was required to assess the economic and financial costs and benefits to the railways, governments and the nation of several options for partial or complete integration of the two systems. Operational, marketing, financial and industrial implications, and social costs and benefits have been considered. The study includes a description of the current plans for both railways in the event of no integration. These plans, which incorporate the improvements that both railways (operating independently) anticipate over the next five years, are adopted as the Base Case, which is used as a benchmark for the subsequent analysis of the integration options. |
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| Report 62: The Tasmanian Rail System: An Assessment of Costs and Benefits | December 1987 |
| In 1985-86 the Comnonwealth Government agreed to a contract arrangement to finance the operating losses incurred by the Australian National (AN) Tasmanian rail system over the three-year period, 1985-86 to 1987-88. The contract provided for a payment of $18.4 million in 1985-86 declining to $17.8 million and $16.2 million in the following two years. To assist in the consideration of future arrangements for the Tasmanian railway system (Tasrail), the Commonwealth directed the Bureau to undertake an assessment of the costs and benefits of closing Tasrail. |
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| Report 61: Assessment of the Australian Road System | January 1987 |
| This Report provides an assessment of the status of the Australian Road System and an examination of its future funding requirements. Roads are divided into the categories recognised by Commonwealth road funding legislation: National Highways (16050 kilometres); rural arterials (89600 kilometres); urban arterials (15400 kilometres); local roads (677400 kilometres). |
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| Report 60: Vol's 1 and 2: A Study of Liner Shipping Services Into and Out of Australia | February 1986 |
Volume 1 of the Bureau's Report No 60, 'A Study of Liner Shipping Services into and out of Australia', presents a distillation of the findings of the study and was intended to address the interests of a wide audience and provide a succinct basis for an understanding of the liner shipping industry. Volume 2 presents the findings of the study in full, together with the details of the analyses carried out. Volume 2 will be of particular interest to those who wish to explore in some depth
the structure, conduct and performance of the industry. |
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| Report 59: National Aerodrome Plan: A Strategic Framework | November 1984 |
| The production and development of a 'National Aerodrome Plan' (NAP) represents a continuous and, in many ways, an evolving process. However, the development of a strategic framework, as presented in this Report, allows the presentation of quantitative and qualitative information and methodologies which need to be considered in developing a national perspective for the Plan. |
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| Report 58: Social Audit and Australian Transport Evaluation | May 1984 |
| This Report covers the interpretation of the social audit concept, the methodology for its application and potential areas of application to Australian transport. The Report also considers possible guidelines and proposals for promoting the social audit approach. |
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| Report 57: Central North NSW Transport Alternatives | May 1984 |
| In March 1982 the Northern Transport Study Committee presented a submission to the Bureau of Transport Economics (BTE) on the inadequacies of the transport system serving the Gwydir and Macintyre River Valleys, commonly referred to as the north-west slopes and plains area of New South Wales. Subsequently, in response to a Ministerial reference the BTE undertook this study in which the economic and financial implications of a range of transport alternatives for this region are examined. |
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| Report 56: Part's A and B: Assessment of the Australian Road System: 1984 | May 1984 |
| This report presents the results of a study of the Australian road system undertaken by the Bureau of Transport Economics in response to a direction by the then Minister for Transport in May 1982. The Terms of Reference required that the Bureau examine changes in conditions and performance of the road system in recent years, trends in levels and patterns of funding, the economics of road investment and the probable impact of alternative future funding patterns and levels. Part B is the summary report. |
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| Report 54: Evaluation of Standard Gauge Rail Connections to Selected Ports | November 1983 |
| This report is on the economic and financial benefits and costs of providing standard gauge railway lines to the ports of Brisbane, Melbourne and Geelong. The terms of reference for the study also required the BTE to examine the possible standardisation of the Tocumwal-Mangalore railway line because of the interdependence between the proposed Tocumwal-Mangalore and Melbourne-Geelong links. As a result, the study covered standard gauge links to Fisherman Islands (Brisbane), Swanson Dock (Melbourne) and Geelong, with the latter project including a standard gauge connection between Tocumwal and Mangalore. |
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| Report 53: Marine Oil Spill Risk in Australia | March 1983 |
| Oil spills are basically chance events, their occurrences and characteristics being governed by probability distributions. Many properties of these distributions can be applied, with reasonable confidence, to the prediction of the location, number and size of oil spills around the Australian coast. The analyses described in this Report are aimed at identifying the most appropriate statistical distributions underlying oil spill occurrences in Australia, and at interpreting the results to assist the planning process. In particular, the results are used to estimate future levels and locations of chemical dispersant stockpiles. |
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| Report 52: Cargo Centralisation in the Overseas Liner Trade | January 1982 |
| With the introduction of cellular container ships in the overseas liner trades, cargo which had traditionally been handled at many ports around Australia was centralised on a few major ports. This change had had a substantial impact on port activity, utilisation of existing facilities, waterside employment and land transport activity. This report presents the results of a study to determine whether existing cargo centralisation arrangements minimise total transport resource costs and to explore the potential for change. |
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| Report 50: Transport of Slaughter Cattle in Australia | December 1981 |
| This Report presents the results of an investigation of the market conduct and performance of that part of the road haulage industry which undertakes the transportation of cattle intended for slaughter at abattoirs for human consumption. In addition, an assessment of the costs of transhipping beef from processing points to retail outlets is made. The Ministerial terms of reference for the study are contained in Appendix I. |
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| Report 48: National Travel Survey 1977/78: General Overview and Assessment | January 1981 |
| The aim of this Report is to provide a general overview of all aspects of the National Travel Survey (NTS). The topics covered include the survey design and operation, public response to the survey, and corrections applied to the survey results. The NTS is compared to other surveys and some lessons learnt from the NTS about survey design and operations are outlined. Finally a number of aspects of non-urban travel in Australia are discussed, with particular reference to tourist travel. |
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| Report 47: Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme: A 'Landbridge' Approach to the Estimation of Subsidy Rates | January 1981 |
| In order to provide information to assist with the continuing administration of the Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme TFES, the Minister for Transport directed the BTE to undertake studies of the costs incurred by Australian industries on Mainland interstate long distance freight transport, and the factors determining the freight rates charged between Tasmania and the Mainland and the potential for cost reductions. |
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| Report 44: Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme: Recommended Rates of Assistance for Southbound Cargoes, Livestock and Timber at 31 January 1979 | October 1979 |
| This Report sets out recommended new rates of assistance to be paid under the Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme TFES on eligible southbound cargoes and on northbound shipments of livestock and timber. The southbound rates were recalculated to meet a direction issued by the Commonwealth Government when the Freight Equalisation Scheme was first introduced, while the direction to recalculate timber rates arose from recommendations made in the 1978 BTE report giving new northbound TFES rates. The investigation of northbound livestock rates was initially directed towards determining whether higher rates of assistance should be paid on consignments of stud animals, but during the course of the study the terms of reference were widened to cover all livestock shipments. |
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| Report 43: Sandy Hollow - Maryvale Railway: Economic Evaluation of Proposed Completion | July 1979 |
| The uncompleted Sandy Hollow-Maryvale railway in New South Wales has a somewhat chequered history. It was finally begun in 1936 after inquiries stretching back to 1911. Construction was slowed to almost a standstill by World War 11, accelerated in the early post war years and then abandoned in 1951 due to a shortage of capital. Subsequent moves to complete the railway foundered in the face of unfavourable economic assessment. This report presents the results of an economic benefit-cost analysis of a recent proposal for the completion of the railway against the background of the discovery of massive proven coal reserves along the line. |
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| Report 42: An Assessment of the Australian Road System Vol's 1 and 2 | July 1979 |
| The scope of the report is broad in as much as it attempts to develop a comprehensive, explicit and detailed analysis of both historical and future road investment for the whole of Australia. The report does not make specific total funding recommendations, nor does it attempt to suggest what should be the future levels of Commonwealth, State and Local Government funding of roads expenditure. It focuses considerable attention on past patterns of road expenditure and on the economic merit of those expenditures. The sensitivity of the results of the economic analysis to different levels of overall road funding is examined. This examination is particularly directed to assessments of efficient allocations of resources between road categories and States. Vol 2 is a verbatim publication of comments provided to the BTE for its Report to assist the Commonwealth government in its consideration of grants of financial assistance to the States for roads. |
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| Report 41: The Long Distance Road Haulage Industry | July 1979 |
| This Report investigates the structure, market conduct and performance of the domestic long distance freight industry with particular emphasis on the long distance road transport sector and the intermodal competition it faces. All sectors of the industry appear to be highly competitive. Not only is there competition within the industry, but rail has the potential to capture a significant amount of the long distance freight market from road. The terms of reference as given by the Minister are contained in Appendix 1 of this Report. |
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| Report 40: National Highways Linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra Third Report: Canberra Connections, 1979 | March 1979 |
| In this Report, four parallel investigations were undertaken: road user effects; construction costs and engineering considerations; environmental impact; and social impact. In examining possible route locations in each corridor the four investigations were progressively carried out in more detail as alternatives were eliminated, until the best alternative became apparent. At this stage road user effects were quantified and a benefit-cost ratio was used to assess the economic warrant for construction of the preferred alternative. The investigations identified various aspects requiring further and more detailed study during selection of the precise location and the design and the construction stages. |
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| Report 39: Mainline Upgrading - Evaluation of a Range of Options for the Kalgoorlie - Perth Rail Link | October 1978 |
| This Report is the last of a series on railway mainline upgrading options and covers the evaluation of options for upgrading the standard gauge link between Kalgoorlie and Perth. The evaluation of upgrading options differs in this case from those previously reported, in that no capacity constraints are envisaged, but severe and continuing track deterioration has occurred between Koolyanobbing and Kwinana as a result of heavy axle loads in the iron ore and wheat trades. Thus the upgrading requirements in this case are concerned with the use of heavy rail and high standard track rather than the capacity to run more trains. |
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| Report 38: Transportation of the Australian Wheat Harvest | June 1978 |
| The production and export of wheat is important for Australia and its storage and transport represents a significant load on domestic resources. This report presents the results of a study of the costs of transporting the wheat harvest from the production areas to the ports in order to meet both domestic and international demand. |
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| Report 36: Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme: Recommended Northbound Assistance Rates at 1 January 1978 | April 1978 |
| When the Commonwealth Government introduced the Tasmanian Freight Equalisation Scheme TFES on 1 July 1976 it directed the Bureau of Transport Economics to recalculate the rates of assistance by December 1977. This report presents the recommended new rates of assistance calculated on the basis of the freight rates prevailing at the end of December 1977. The method of recalculation was based on that used by the Nimmo Commission although with some modifications. The new assistance rates were calculated as the difference between the costs of moving a consignment from Tasmania to mainland destinations and the costs of moving a similar consignment on comparable mainland routes. |
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| Report 35: Mainline Upgrading - Evaluation of a Range of Options for the Trans Australia Link | March 1978 |
| For the purposes of this study the east-west rail link across Australia was considered in sections: Sydney to Broken Hill, Broken Hill to Port Pirie (including Adelaide to Peterborough and Adelaide to Port Pirie), The Port Pirie Bogie Exchange and Port Pirie to Kalgoorlie. For each section the study procedure adopted was similar to that used in previous BTE studies with possible upgrading options evaluated in light of the forecast growth in traffic. Upgradings were evaluated from both a commercial and a resource cost point of view. |
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| Report 34: National Highways Linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra, 1978 Second Report | February 1978 |
| As part of the National Highway System the Bureau of Roads nominated the Hume Highway as the National Highway linking Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra. However, the route of the National Highway from Goulburn to south of Albury was, in the opinion of the Bureau of Roads, a matter for detailed examination. The Bureau of Roads began work on such a study and reported on the section between Goulburn and Tabletop in 1975. This second report is concerned with the section between Bowna to Barnawatha in the vicinity of Albury. |
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| Report 33: Cost Recovery in Australian Transport 1974-75 | August 1977 |
| In recent years, increasing attention has been focussed on the question of charges for services provided by governments. In particular, the Commonwealth Government's 'cost recovery' policies have been the subject of wide debate, especially in their application to air transport. This Report contains results of a study of cost recovery in Australian transport generally in the year 1974-75. Each major mode of transport is included, and the analysis is comprehensive in the sense that different areas and classes of transport operations within each mode are analysed wherever applicable or practicable. |
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| Report 32: Darwin and Northern Territory Freight Transport Study | August 1977 |
| The difficulties associated with defining and funding an acceptable transport system to serve the needs of Australians living in the Centre and North of the continent have proved a continuing area of concern to successive Commonwealth and State Governments. In this study an attempt has been made to define a broad network of supply links to the major population centres of the Northern Territory and identify priorities for investment which would provide a satisfactory level of service at minimum total cost. The basic criterion of acceptability was taken as the provision of all weather links between the Northern Territory centres and their major sources of supply. |
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| Report 31: Study of East - West Rail Passenger Services: The 'Indian Pacific' and 'Trans Australian' | July 1977 |
| The Government rail systems in Australia provide a number of intersystem rail passenger services which cater for intra- and interstate travellers. These services are potentially important sources of income for the rail systems concerned. This Report presents the results of a study of the profitability of the East-West rail passenger services specifically covering the Indian Pacific and Trans Australian trains. |
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| Report 30: Mainline Upgrading - Evaluation of a Range of Options for the Adelaide to Serviceton Rail Link | July 1977 |
| In this Report a number of options for the railway line between Adelaide and Serviceton have been evaluated. This work complements that previously undertaken on the Melbourne to Serviceton link. There appears to be little likelihood of congestion on this link sufficient to justify major upgrading within the next twenty years although some minor loop extensions and the introduction of Centralised Traffic Control are justified now. There is no economic justification for any of the Project Peregrine schemes considered for the Adelaide Hills sections. |
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| Report 29: Mainline Upgrading - Evaluation of a Range of Options for the Sydney - Brisbane Rail Link | July 1977 |
| This study is one of a series concerned with the evaluation of upgrading options for inter-capital rail links in Australia. Analysis indicated that the Sydney to Brisbane line is already exhibiting signs of congestion and, given the expected traffic growth, will become seriously congested in the mid-1980s unless upgrading action is taken. The range of upgrading options considered include grade easement, centralised traffic control and crossing loop extensions. |
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| Report 28: Eastern By-Pass Routes for Launceston: Evaluation | July 1977 |
| In April, 1976, the Minister for Transport, requested the Commonwealth Bureau of Roads to report on 'the justification and timing for the construction of an Eastern by-pass of Launceston, including the question of whether such a bypass would warrant inclusion in the Declared National Highway System'. After identifying the most desirable of a number of alternative Eastern by-pass routes, the report states that at this time there is no economic warrant for an Eastern by-pass. |
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| Report 27: Urban Transport: Capital Requirements 1977-78 to 1979-80 | February 1977 |
| This is the fourth report prepared by the BTE on capital investment needs of transport in urban areas. It differs in a number of important respects from the earlier reports in that it deals with investment needs for roads as well as for public transport; it analyses the demand for and supply of urban transport as a whole rather than simply presenting the results of evaluations of specific capital investment proposals; and the report includes some consideration of urban areas outside the State capital cities. |
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| Report 26: Study of Port Pirie Bogie Exchange | February 1977 |
| Because of separate development by the individual States, the Australian railway network contains links of a number of different gauges. For this reason bogie exchange facilities have been established at several locations including two in South Australia, at Port Pirie and Peterborough, where the State broad gauge system meets the interstate standard gauge system. The intention of these exchanges is to allow ready transfer of loaded and unloaded freight wagons from one system to the other. Traffic through the exchange at Port Pirie has increased to the extent that difficulties are being experienced in handling it. |
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| Report 25: Study of Intersystem Railway Freight Rating Practices | February 1976 |
| Government railways in Australia operate in all mainland States and Territories. Interstate movement of freight over the rail network is a potentially important method of transportation within the nation. However, intersystem railway arrangements operate against a background of State railways providing predominantly intrastate freight services. This report presents the results of a study of intersystem railway freight rating practices as they apply to a particular area of New South Wales. |
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| Report 23: The 2CM Freight Wagon Bogie - an Appraisal | January 1976 |
| The operations of a railway system can often be enhanced by the introduction of improved technology. Clearly the benefits of the new technology should more than compensate for its costs. The introduction of the 2CM freight bogie would enhance the operations of the Australian railways, however the question of the value of the benefits in relation to the additional costs has been a vexed one. This report has been prepared with the object of clarifying the economic merits of the 2CM bogie. |
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| Report 22 Part's A, B and C: Consumer Preferences in Urban Buses and Bus Services | August 1975 |
| This Report presents the results of a consumer preference survey into bus design and bus service characteristics. The survey was conducted by the BTE together with the Metropolitan (Perth) Transport Trust, and consisted of two parts: household interviews carried out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics; and questionnaires distributed to travellers using the Perth suburban bus service. |
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| Report 18: Assessment of Investment in Urban Public Transport 1977-78 to 1979-80 | July 1975 |
| This is the fourth Report by the BTE on capital investment in urban public transport. It differs from previous Reports produced in that it presents an estimate of economically warranted investment for the period 1977-78 to 1979-80 rather than an evaluation of a specific program of projects put forward by State Authorities. |
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| Report 17: Port Pirie: Economic Evaluation of Harbour Improvements | July 1975 |
| This report examines in detail the proposal to deepen and widen the entrance channel and harbour of Port Pirie. Not only is this the major port for Broken Hill lead and zinc concentrates and refined metals, but it also handles a considerable volume of wheat and barley exports. Of the various benefits identified from the work, only two have been found to be substantial in economic terms. These are the possibility of ustilising to full capacity the somewhat larger bulk carriers for bulk concentrate exports and similarly, the possibility of fully loading wheat export ships so that they would not require topping up at deep water ports. |
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| Report 15: The Economics of an Australian Landbridge | January 1975 |
| The study examines the economics of a landbridge based on Fremantle, and also considers Adelaide and Melbourne as terminal ports for the European trades. In addition, the benefits and costs implied by a strategy of alternate calls at Sydney and Melbourne are considered. |
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| Report 14: Review of Public Transport Investment Proposals for Australian Capital Cities, 1974-75 | January 1975 |
| This Report surveys proposals provided by the States for investment in urban public transport. As in previous reports, the BTE has limited analysis to benefit cost and financial evaluations. While refraining from direct comment on the administration, planning, pricing and other activities, the BTE has attempted to ensure that the proposals put forward comprise an appropriate program consistant wih long term projections with regard to urban planning and social objectives. |
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| Report 13: Electric Cars | April 1974 |
| The BTE undertook a study of the possible introduction of electric cars in Australia. The results are presented in this Report. |
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| Report 12: Development of a Rail Freight Terminal at Acacia Ridge | February 1974 |
| This is a Report on the proposed terminal facility at Acacia Ridge. It is becoming increasingly apparent that terminal facilities are a key to the efficient operation of the Australian railway system. In many cases, however, the layout and structures do not permit modern. Methods to be employed effectively, so that serious delays occur. As the problems are so serious at Acacia Ridge, this report was compiled in 3 months. |
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| Report 11: Liquefied Petroleum Gas as a Motor Vehicle Fuel | January 1974 |
| This Report is one of two that have been prepared in the BTE to review the state of knowledge in the field of alternative road vehicle technologies and to indicate the magnitude of possible benefits (the other being a report on electric cars). |
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| Report 9: Brisbane Airport: Interim Report on International Terminal | July 1973 |
| This Report represents part of a full-scale study by BTE, at the direction of the Minister for Transport, of the development requirements for Brisbane Airport. The full report will be issued at a later date and will present a detailed examination of the civil aviation requirements of the region and the appropriate expansion/replacement program. |
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| Report 7: Freight Transport to North West Australia, 1975 -1990 | January 1973 |
| The rapid development of mining in the Pilbara region of north west Australia has already increased the transport task in the region and is expected to increase it much more. In the past, there has been little land transport to the north west, and the major service has been by sea. In the fluid situation generated by rapid development, it is important to ask how the freight task should be performed in future, whether the shares carried by the various transport modes should be changed and whether there should be radical changes in the whole transport system to the region. These are the questions that this report sets out to answer. |
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| Report 6: An Assessment of Tasmania's Interstate Transport Problems | November 1972 |
| This study attempts a quantitative assessment of Tasmania's transport disabilities relative to the other States and covers interstate shipping to Tasmania, together with closely related topics such as Tasmanian port operations and freight forwarding. Particular note has been taken of the Senate Standing Committee on Primary and Secondary Industry and Trade Committee's views that Tasmania has a 'transport disability' and that any comparisons should take into account its position as a sovereign state. |
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| Report 5: Perth Fremantle Corridor Study | October 1972 |
| This Report presents the evaluations of alternative public transport improvements in the urban corridor between Perth and Fremantle. The alternatives considered are a continuation of existing services, electrification of the existing rail service, and replacement of the railway with a busway. |
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| Report 4: Economic Evaluation of Timber and Concrete Sleepers for Three Railway Lines | October 1972 |
| The evaluations presented in this Report have been made to determine the least cost sleeper alternative for each of three railway projects. They are the proposed new railway line from Tarcoola to Alice Springs, the standard gauge connection from Adelaide to Crystal Brook, and the re-sleepering of the Trans-Australian Railway. |
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| Report 2: Transport and Handling of Australia's Wool Production | December 1971 |
| The general approach in this Report is to concentrate on the costs directly borne by wool at the various stages of ownership from grower to mill. However, these costs are reflected in income accruing to others and the conflicts of interest this fact creates are not lost sight of in the report. |
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| Report 1: Economic Evaluation of a Canberra to Yass Rail Link | January 1971 |
| Subsequent growth in Canberra, particularly in the post-war period, and projections suggesting continued rapid growth, prompted the Minister for Shipping and Transport in 1964 to request from the Commonwealth Railways Commissioner a report on the proposed rail link between Canberra and Yass. That report stated that when the considerable savings are taken into account that would accrue to the various instrumentalities and people located in the Australian Capital Territory as the result of lower freight rates and passenger fares consequent upon the direct linking of Canberra with Yass, construction of the Canberra-Yass railway could be justified on economic grounds. In April this year, the Minister for Shipping and Transport requested the Bureau of Transport Economics to carry out a detailed economic evaluation of the link. |
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